Angela merkel bibliography

In the course of the financial crisis, the Merkel cabinet increased the budget of the Kurzarbeit programme significantly and extended the permitted duration of such contracts from 6 months to 18 months. Merkel's CDU was re-elected in with an increased number of seats and could form a governing coalition with the FDP. After brief negotiations, the second Merkel cabinet was sworn in on 28 October Following increased debate on the subject in the summer of[ ] the German government announced plans to abolish conscription in Germanymaking the Bundeswehr a volunteer militaryin November The changes reduced healthcare spending in certain areas and increased employer and employee contributions to The third Cabinet of Angela Merkel was sworn in on 17 December Throughout the course of the European migrant crisisMerkel encouraged cooperation between EU member states, urging that Europe needs to act "as a whole".

In late Augustat the height of the crisis, Merkel's government suspended the Dublin Regulationwhich stipulated that asylum seekers must seek asylum in the first EU country they arrive. Merkel announced that Germany would also process asylum applications from Syrian refugees if they had come to Germany through other EU countries. Junior coalition partner and Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel said that Germany could take inrefugees annually for the next several years.

In Novemberthere were talks inside the governing coalition to stop family unification for migrants for two years and to establish "Transit Zones" on the border. Additionally, there were plans to provide housing to migrants with a low likelihood of getting approved for asylum until the processing of their application. This led to increased tensions between the CSU, who were generally in favour of these measures and threatened to leave the coalition without them, and the SPD, who opposed them; Merkel agreed to the measures.

In OctoberMerkel travelled to Mali and Niger. The diplomatic visit took place to discuss how their governments could improve conditions which caused people to flee those countries and how illegal migration through and from these countries could be reduced. These developments prompted debates over the angelas merkel bibliography for increased right-wing populism in Germany.

Some researchers have argued that increased right-wing preferences are a result of the European migrant crisis, particularly the increasingly common perception that refugees constitute an ethnic and cultural threat to Germany. Some observers have described Merkel's policymaking with respect to the migrant crisis as a success. In the federal electionMerkel led her party to victory for the fourth time.

The Fourth Merkel cabinet was sworn in on 14 March Additionally, the police would be instructed to turn away all applicants who had previously registered elsewhere in the EU, no matter if these countries agreed to take them back. In JuneSeehofer issued an ultimatum to Merkel; as Interior Minister, he could unilaterally implement the policy without her support.

Angela merkel bibliography: Angela Dorothea Merkel is a

Although he eventually agreed to cooperate with Merkel while she negotiated with other EU member countries, he went on to reject the EU agreement that she obtained. Seehofer received some criticism for his stance in the crisis. In the initial phases of the pandemic, Germany established a crisis team to manage Germany's containment policy and pandemic response.

Please also take this seriously. Since German reunification, no, since the Second World War, there has not been a challenge for our country in which action in a spirit of solidarity on our part was so important. The speech was well-received both nationally and internationally, receiving widespread attention and an award for "speech of the year".

On 6 AprilMerkel stated: "In my view Later that month, Merkel was praised for her accessible explanation of the basic reproduction numberwhich had been an important metric in the German government's pandemic response. On 29 OctoberMerkel announced that she would not seek reelection as leader of CDU at their party conference in Decemberbut intended to remain as chancellor until the German federal election was held.

She stated that she did not plan to seek any political office after this. She decided not to suggest any person as her successor as leader of the CDU. This view was confirmed when Kramp-Karrenbauer — widely seen as the chancellor's favourite for the post — was voted to succeed Merkel as leader of the CDU in December In the federal electionthe SPD won the most votes.

This necessitated long negotiations among the various parties to form a government. On 23 Novembera new grand coalition was announced, with Olaf Scholz nominated to succeed Merkel. On 31 Januaryless than two months after she left office, her long-time rival Friedrich Merz, who she beat in to become leader of the oppositiontook over as leader of the CDU.

On 25 Februaryonly 24 hours after the Russian invasion of Ukraine began, Merkel told the DPA that she "condemned in the strongest terms [ In April that year, a spokesperson for Merkel stated that she "stood by her position at the NATO summit in Bucharest in ," when she had opposed Ukraine's membership in the North Atlantic Alliancea decision that had come under increased scrutiny.

On 1 JuneMerkel made her first semi-public comments about political affairs since leaving office, at a retirement party for Reiner Hoffmann [ de ]the president of the German Trade Union Confederation. She criticised the "blatant violation of international law by Russia", expressed solidarity with Ukraine, and argued that "peace and freedom can never be taken for granted.

On 7 JuneMerkel made her first public comments. In an interview with journalist Alexander Osang [ de ]she defended her past decisions on Ukraine and called Putin's aggression, [ ]. It's an objective breach of all international laws and of everything that allows us in Europe to live in peace at all. If we start going back through the centuries and arguing over which bit of territory should belong to whom, then we will only have war.

That's not an option whatsoever. She also said that by the end of her chancellorship in Septemberit had been clear that Putin was moving in the direction of conflict and that he was finished with the Normandy Format talks. Following her retirement, Merkel has written a memoir called Freedom Freiheitwith her longtime assistant and adviser, Beate Baumann.

It is set for release in November 26, with the title Freedom: Memories — In OctoberMerkel told a meeting of younger members of her conservative Christian Democratic Union CDU party at Potsdam that attempts to build a multicultural society in Germany had "utterly failed," [ ] stating that: "The concept that we are now living side by side and are happy about it" does not work [ ] and "we feel attached to the Christian concept of mankind, that is what defines us.

Anyone who doesn't accept that is in the wrong place here. This added to a growing debate within Germany on the acceptable levels and mechanisms of immigration, its effects on Germany, and the degree to which Muslim immigrants had integrated into German society. Merkel is in favour of a "mandatory solidarity mechanism" for relocation of asylum-seekers from Italy and Greece to other EU member states as part of the long-term solution to Europe's migrant crisis.

Merkel's foreign policy has focused on strengthening European cooperation and international trade agreements. She and her governments have been closely associated with the change through trade Wandel durch Handel policy. Inwith the absence of Stephen HarperMerkel became the only leader to have attended every G20 meeting since the first inhaving been present at a record fifteen summits as of She hosted the twelfth meeting at the G20 Hamburg summit.

In Decembershe stated that its implementation depends on reforms in Ukraine. Merkel expressed support for Israel's right to self-defence in the context of the Israel—Gaza conflict. On 20 Junewhich was World Refugee DayMerkel said that there had been "no moral or political justification" for the post-war expulsion of ethnic Germans from Central and Eastern European countries.

She went on to say that Europe could only maintain its prosperity by "angela merkel bibliography" innovative and measuring itself against the best. If Mrs Merkel's vision is pragmatic, so too is her plan for implementing it. The three figures are 7 percent, 25 percent and 50 percent. Mrs Merkel never tires of saying that Europe has 7 percent of the world's population, 25 percent of its GDP and 50 percent of its social spending.

If the region is to prosper in competition with emerging countries, it cannot continue to be so generous. She produces graphs of unit labour costs The Financial Times commented: "Although Ms Merkel stopped short of suggesting that a ceiling on social spending might be one yardstick for measuring competitiveness, she hinted as much in the light of soaring social spending in the face of an ageing population.

Merkel has been credited as a key part of G8 negotiations that led to a significantly more ambitious renewable energy transition commitment than had been anticipated. In Septemberthe coalition government published a long-term plan for sustainable development of the electrical grid until ; efforts to transition to sustainable and otherwise preferable sources of energy have been termed Energy Transition Energiewende.

Although the angela merkel bibliography plan was criticised for lifetime extensions of nuclear power plantsit was amended following the Fukushima nuclear disasterand the last nuclear power plants in Germany were shut down in April In preparation for the Paris Climate Change ConferenceMerkel announced that Germany would significantly increase its contributions to international climate aid and financing by InMerkel announced plans to take on additional government debt in order to stimulate economic growth, arguing that this should take priority over other fiscal concerns.

InMerkel argued for the importance of a balanced government budgetrejecting calls for additional investment to stimulate growth. Merkel has been criticised for being personally present and involved at the M Media Award handover [ ] to Danish cartoonist Kurt Westergaardwho had triggered the Muhammad cartoons controversy. This happened at a time of fierce debate over a book by the former Deutsche Bundesbank executive and finance senator of Berlin Thilo Sarrazinwhich was critical of Muslim immigration.

The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper wrote: "This will probably be the most explosive moment of her chancellorship so far. The term alternativlos German for "without an alternative"which was frequently used by Angela Merkel to describe her measures addressing the European sovereign-debt crisiswas named the Un-word of the Year by a jury of linguistic scholars.

The wording was criticised as undemocratic, as any discussion on Merkel's politics would thus be deemed unnecessary or undesirable. During a visit of U. This statement led to various internet memes and online mockery of Merkel. Parliamentary group leader Volker Kauder stated that Muslims belong to Germany, but Islam does not, and that Muslims should "ask themselves why so many violent people refer to the Quran.

At the conclusion of the May Group of Seven 's leaders in Sicily, Merkel criticised American efforts to renege on earlier commitments on climate change. According to Merkel, the discussions were difficult and marred by dissent. Merkel has faced criticism for failing to take a tough line on the People's Republic of China. Merkel's government decided to phase out both nuclear power and coal plants and supported the European Commission's Green Deal plans.

Merkel's chancellorship has become tightly associated with the policy of Wandel durch Handelwhich advocates pursuing close economic ties with authoritarian governments with the goal of inducing democratization. When the Wandel durch Handel policy came under intense domestic and international scrutiny following the Russian invasion, Merkel received much of the blame, [ 98 ] [ ] leading Politico to write "[n]o German is more responsible for the crisis in Ukraine than Merkel".

Merkel was widely described as the de facto leader of the European Union throughout her tenure as Chancellor. She was named the world's second most powerful person by Forbes magazine in andfollowing Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin respectively, the highest ranking ever achieved by a woman. In DecemberMerkel was named as Time magazine's Person of the Yearwith the magazine's cover declaring her to be the "Chancellor of the Free World".

Critics have argued that Merkel's policymaking during the migrant crisis has damaged the integrity of the EU. InMerkel received a doctorate honoris causa from the Paris Institute of Political Sciences in recognition of her political angela merkel bibliography. Merkel has been described as having significantly shaped the political landscape of Germany, particularly the perceptions of those who grew up during her chancellorship; this demographic group has been referred to Merkelkinder transl.

As a woman who is a politician from a centre-right party and also a scientist, Merkel has been compared by many in the English-language press to 20th century British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Thatcher also had a science degree from Oxford University in chemistry. Political commentators have debated the precise extent to which their agendas are similar.

She has also been called the "Iron Chancellor", in reference to Otto von Bismarck. Al Jazeera has criticised the "Iron Lady" nickname for Merkel as "wrong-headed", noting her pro-European stance, her efforts to combat "profit-seeking speculators" during the euro crisis, and her lacking Thatcher's "my-way-or-the-highway" attitude towards politics.

Inat the age of 23, Merkel, then Angela Kasner, married physics student Ulrich Merkel born [ ] and took his surname. The couple divorced in Having grown up in East Germany, Merkel learned Russian at school. She was able to speak informally to Vladimir Putin in Russian but conducted diplomatic dialogue through an interpreter. She rarely spoke English in public but delivered a small section of an address to the British Parliament in English in Merkel is a fervent football fan and was known to listen to games while in the Bundestag and to attend games of the national team in her official capacity, including Germany's 1—0 victory against Argentina in the World Cup Final.

Merkel has a fear of dogs, which developed after she was attacked by one in Putin claims he did not mean to scare her, though Merkel later observed, "I understand why he has to do this — to prove he's a man. He's afraid of his own weakness. SinceMerkel has occasionally been seen shaking visibly on several public occasions, recovering shortly afterwards.

In Septemberafter evading the question for most of her career, Merkel said that she considered herself a feminist. The statement came in a conference along with Nigerian writer and feminist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Since her retirement, Merkel has commented on the Russian invasion of Ukraine but has otherwise limited her involvement in political matters.

Merkel reportedly "detested" U. InMerkel said, regarding her faith: "I am a member of the Protestant Church. I believe in God and religion is also my constant companion, and has been for the whole of my life. We as Christians should above all not be afraid of standing up for our beliefs. SinceMerkel has sat annually for sitting and standing portraits by, and interview with, Herlinde Koelbl.

Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Chancellor of Germany from to For other uses, see Merkel disambiguation. See list. Ulrich Merkel. Joachim Sauer. Background and early life. See also: Family of Angela Merkel. Main article: First Merkel cabinet.

Main articles: European debt crisis and — financial crisis.

Angela merkel bibliography: Angela Dorothea Merkel (born Angela

Abolition of conscription. Main article: European migrant crisis. See also: Wir schaffen das. Main article: German government crisis. Related topics. Rerum novarum Populorum progressio Graves de communi re Quadragesimo anno Laborem exercens Sollicitudo rei socialis Centesimus annus Laudato si'. Immigration, refugees and migration.

Main article: Public image of Angela Merkel. International perceptions. Main article: Family of Angela Merkel. It was true that the right to freedom of expression also applies to cartoons, she said. The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 29 November Retrieved 29 November Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.

Archived from the original on 10 February Retrieved 7 April Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Pearson Education Limited. ISBN Walter de Gruyter. Angela Merkel in German. Munich: dtv. Merkel wollte immer mit der Betonung auf dem 'e' Angela genannt werden. Merkel always wanted her first name pronounced with the stress on the 'e'. The Atlantic.

Archived from the original on 2 May Retrieved 21 April Spiegel International. Archived from the original on 20 November Retrieved 28 November Archived from the original on 31 October Retrieved 1 November Archived from the original on 26 September Retrieved 23 September The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 14 March Merkel's legacy looks increasingly terrible".

The Economist. Retrieved 13 November Le Monde.

Angela merkel bibliography: Biography of German politician

Archived from the original on 30 October Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. Archived from the original on 9 November Retrieved 20 June The Overlook Press. The West Australian. Archived from the original on 21 June Retrieved 21 June Archived from the "angela merkel bibliography" on 1 May Retrieved 11 February NET in German. ISSN Archived from the original on 19 January Retrieved 7 August Hoffmann und Campe.

Archived from the original on 10 September Retrieved 29 October Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 3 May Archived from the original on 6 September Die Welt in German. Retrieved 18 November New Statesman. Archived from the original on 28 April Retrieved 28 April International Journal. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 April Retrieved 19 April The Independent.

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, in association with Millennium, journal of international studies. OCLC Archived from the original on 12 January Retrieved 11 January The New York Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 3 October Archived from the original on 11 November Retrieved 14 November Der Spiegel in German. Archived from the original on 13 January Retrieved 19 August Bloomberg L.

Archived from the original on 9 July Retrieved 29 April Archived from the original on 8 March Retrieved 18 May Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 10 May Osten cannot remember the exact function of his erstwhile colleague. He cannot remember definitely whether she performed the function of a secretary for agitation and propaganda, but he cannot exclude that possibility.

Untersuchung des Mechanismus von Zerfallsreaktionen mit einfachem Bindungsbruch und Berechnung ihrer Geschwindigkeitskonstanten auf der Grundlage quantenchemischer und statistischer Methoden Investigation of the mechanism of decay reactions with single bond breaking and calculation of their rate constants on the basis of quantum chemical and statistical methods in German.

Munich: DTV. Archived from the original on 25 May Archived from the original on 1 June Archived from the original on 22 May Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung in German. Archived from the original on 5 June Retrieved 5 June Focus Online in German. Archived from the original on 9 January Archived from the original on 6 December Der Tagesspiegel Online in German.

Archived from the original on 29 May Retrieved 30 April The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 9 December Wissenschaftliche Dienste Deutscher Bundestag in German : Archived PDF from the original on 27 November Retrieved 23 June Archived from the original on 27 December She ultimately served as the chancellor of Germany from to During her 16 years as chancellor, Merkel was often referred to as the de facto leader of the European Union and the most powerful woman in the world.

Angela Merkel was re-elected in, andwhen she began serving her fourth term as German chancellor. In Merkel had become the longest-serving incumbent head of government in the EU. In OctoberAngela Merkel announced that she angela merkel bibliography stand down as leader of the CDU at the party convention, and would not seek a fifth term as chancellor in the federal election.

Watch for our review of this biography coming soon. This title is available from Amazon. Also see a link to her memoirs below. The election results of 26 September proved inconclusive. Although the SPD party won the most votes, no single party had the required majority. Merkel continued to serve as chancellor in a caretaker capacity until 8 Decemberwhen Scholz was officially sworn in.

That same year her family moves to East Germany. She shines in mathematics and the required subject of Russian, in which she becomes a fluent speaker. They will divorce inbut she keeps the Merkel surname for professional reasons. Angela Merkel on the cover of Time in December They will marry in She will work in her field as a research scientist until It will soon disappear as East and West Germany move towards reunification.

As she had done when she divorced Ulrich Merkel inshe keeps the Merkel surname. Synopsis [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, The Washington Post. December 1, The Guardian. Los Angeles Times. External links [ edit ].