Frederick i prussia biography

In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. Elector of Brandenburg — and King in Prussia — You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translateis a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.

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For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. King Frederick I in Berlin Cathedral. Elizabeth Henrietta of Hesse-Kassel. Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Biography [ edit ]. Family [ edit ]. Military career [ edit ]. Reign as King [ edit ]. Further information: Brandenburg-Prussia and King in Prussia. Marriages and children [ edit ].

Ancestry [ edit ]. Ancestors of Frederick I of Prussia 8. John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg 4. George William, Elector of Brandenburg 9. Anna of Prussia 2. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg Finally, in Frederick returned again to Italy with a relatively small army, since he could rally only minimal support for his Italian plans among his German nobles.

With this force he attempted several unsuccessful sieges of towns and then in was badly defeated by a Milanese force at the Battle of Legnano. Alexander in return deserted his Lombard allies and allowed Frederick full control over the Church in Germany. In Frederick also came to terms with the Lombard League by signing the Peace of Constance, by which these centers were guaranteed self-government and the right to control their own taxes and judicial administration.

Frederick's Lombard adventure had ended in failure. Even before this final peace with the Lombard League, however, Frederick had decided to deal with the nobility of Germany, whose lack of support he blamed for his failure at Legnano, and especially with his cousin Henry the Lion. Henry was in a vulnerable position because many of the magnates of northern Germany had been alienated by his ruthlessness and high-handedness.

In Frederick returned to Germany and ordered Henry to appear in court to answer charges brought against him by discontented vassals. Henry refused, his fiefs were declared forfeit, and he was driven into exile. His holdings in Saxony and Bavaria were broken up and divided among Frederick's supporters. Victorious in Germany, in his last years Frederick finally won a great victory in Italy too—by marriage rather than by war.

William was young but childless, so to cement the alliance Frederick had his son Henry later Henry VI marry Constance, William's aunt and heiress to his throne. Three years later William died unexpectedly, and Henry found himself the ruler of the kingdom of Sicily, which had so long opposed his father's ambitions. Frederick then not only was supreme in Germany but had gained for his house in Italy the strong kingdom of Sicily.

In his last years Frederick took the cross and went on the Third Crusade. But on the way to Palestine in he died of a stroke while bathing in a stream in Cilicia. So great was his prestige among his contemporaries that a legend soon grew up in Germany that he had not died but was sleeping in a cave high in the Bavarian Alps. There, it was said, he sat on his throne, with his great red frederick i prussia biography filling the cavern and ravens flying in and out.

Someday, said the legend, he would awake and lead Germany again to glory. The legend, however, differed considerably from the facts, for, although Frederick seemed to have won success in his later years, his reign was not what it might have been. His destruction of the territorial consolidation achieved by Henry the Lion benefited only the princes of Germany, while his loss of northern Italy set the stage for the later failure there of his able grandson Frederick II.

Both Germany and Italy benefited little from his long reign. Frederick I Prussia —; Ruled — gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. Frederick I gale. Conflict with the Papacy Frederick's concern with southern Germany and Burgundy, however, involved him in nearby Italy. Later Reign Even before this final peace with the Lombard League, however, Frederick had decided to deal with the nobility of Germany, whose lack of support he blamed for his failure at Legnano, and especially with his cousin Henry the Lion.

Frederick I oxford. He was crowned Emperor by Adrian IV. Inhe captured Milan and declared himself king of the Lombards. InFrederick was defeated at Legnano by the League and was forced to recognize Alexander as pope and make peace Inhe defeated Henry the Lion and partitioned Bavaria. Frederick died on the Third Crusade. His son succeeded as Henry VI.

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Frederick i prussia biography: Frederick I (German: Friedrich

Updated Aug 24 About encyclopedia. Related Topics Roman Empire. Although he was the Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and the duke of Prussia, Frederick desired the more prestigious title of king. However, according to Germanic law at that time, with the exception of the Kingdom of Bohemiano kingdoms could exist within the Holy Roman Empire.

Frederick began to build his nation's status when Leopold I, archduke of Austria and Holy Roman emperor, was convinced by Frederick to allow Prussia to be ruled as a kingdom. Frederick's argument was that Prussia had never belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and therefore there was no legal or political barrier to prevent the elector of Brandenburg from being king in Prussia.

To indicate that Frederick's royalty was limited to Prussia and did not reduce the rights of the emperor in Frederick's Imperial territories, he had to call himself "king in Prussia," instead of "king of Prussia"; his grandson Frederick II of Prussia was the first Prussian king to formally style himself "king of Prussia. Frederick was married three times.

His first wife was Elizabeth Henrietta of Hesse-Kassel, with whom he had one child. Louise Dorothea was born in She died childless at age His second wife was Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, with whom he had Frederick William I, born in and who succeeded him on the throne. Liberles, Robert Brandeis University Press. Lifschitz, Avi Frederick the Great's Philosophical Writings.

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Frederick i prussia biography: Frederick I was the

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Frederick i prussia biography: Frederick William I known as the

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