Presidente plutarco elias calles

Wikimedia Commons Elemento de Wikidata. Familia y juventud [ editar ]. Gobernador de Sonora [ editar ]. Primer mandato [ editar ]. Por lo tanto, he tenido que emitir el siguiente decreto: 1. Se consideran como bebidas embriagantes aquellas que contengan alcohol en cualquier cantidad. Segundo y tercer mandato [ editar ]. La lucha por el poder [ editar ].

Plan de Agua Prieta [ editar ]. Mandato presidencial [ editar ]. Protesta [ editar ]. Gabinete [ editar ]. Guerra Cristera [ editar ]. Antecedentes [ editar ].

Presidente plutarco elias calles: Plutarco Elías Calles was

Ley "Calles" [ editar ]. Secuelas de la Guerra Cristera [ editar ]. Calles y el comunismo [ editar ]. Deuda externa [ editar ]. Vida personal [ editar ]. Agua Prieta, Sonora; marzo de General P. O donde se encuentre. Nombramiento del presidente interino [ editar ]. Maximato [ editar ]. Exilio [ editar ]. Muerte [ editar ]. Fideicomiso Calles-Torreblanca [ editar ].

Notas [ editar ]. ISBN Archivado desde el original el 29 de octubre de Consultado el 30 de octubre de Oceano grupo presidente plutarco elias calles. Consultado el 26 de febrero de Archivado desde el original el 4 de julio de Consultado el 26 de julio de Crabb en Consultado el 23 de julio de Archivado desde el original el 19 de octubre de Consultado el 25 de julio de NacozariSonora12 de marzo de Molina, Sonora; 8 de agosto de Sonora; Por eso lo comenzaron a llamar «El Turco».

Sherman The Mexican right: the end of revolutionary reform, Greenwood Publishing Group. Stanford University Press. The death of his first wife, Francisca Bernal, in prompted him to move to the port of Guaymas, where he began a decade-long search for economic success and social mobility. First a school inspector and newspaper editor in the port, Calles next was appointed municipal treasurer he lost the post when funds were discovered missingfollowed by a stint as manager of his half brother's hotel until it burned.

He moved in to Fronteras, where he managed his father's modest hacienda, was bookkeeper for and shareholder in a small flour mill, and served as municipal secretary—at last achieving modest success and some local prominence. As a result he returned to Guaymas in to manage a hotel and open a commission business in partnership. Though not an active participant in the local Maderista movement, Calles lent it some support—his store as a meeting place.

He used this connection to run unsuccessfully for the state legislature in Again he returned to northeast Sonora, opening a general store in partnership in the border town of Agua Prieta, a most fortunate choice. Maytorena, was looking for a loyal follower who, as the town's police chief, would secure customs revenues, quiet disgruntled former insurgents, and forestall a rumored invasion from Arizona by the radical Magonista revolutionaries.

His choice of Calles proved to be the turning point of the latter's life. Calles proved to be a capable, diligent local official, against the Orozquista rebels and the Huerta coup a year later being among the first to proclaim armed resistance in the state. This radical program put Calle at loggerheads with President Venustiano Carranza. He was forced to work with Calles and de la Huerta, forming a triumvirate.

As president, Calles pressed his radical anticlericalism in the face of the Catholic Church's challenge to the restrictions of the Constitution and then of the Cristero Rebellion — But his support of agrarian reform and the workers' movement ebbed as he moderated his policies and concentrated on the development of the nation's infrastructure especially irrigation, roads, air and postal servicea telephone network, national banking and investment institutions and on the promotion of enterprise, even to the point of supporting large-scale domestic and foreign investors.

However, the Maximato the oligarchic rule of the Callista political machine increasingly lost a popular base, as it turned away from the Revolution's promises of reform and as the Great Depression deepened. This time, however, his expedient adjustments set in motion forces he could not control. When Calles resisted, he was deported April Krauze, Enrique.

Plutarco E. Calles: Reformar desde el origen. Mexico, D. Silva, Carlos. Plutarco Elias Calles. Talks of war circulated by the U. Mexico managed to avoid war through a series of diplomatic maneuvers. Soon afterward, a direct telephone link was established between Calles and President Calvin Coolidgeand the U. Sheffieldwas replaced with Dwight Morrow.

Morrow won the Calles government over to the United States position and helped negotiate an agreement between the government and the oil companies. Another source of conflict with the United States was Mexico's support for the liberals in the civil war in Nicaraguaas the United States supported the conservatives. This conflict ended when both countries signed a treaty in which they allowed each other to support the side they considered to be the most democratic.

According to historian Robert Weis: [ 41 ]. Against claims that revolutionaries sought to destroy the church, officials insisted that they pursued the rule of law. During his presidential campaign, Calles clarified that he was not an "enemy of religion"; he approved of "all religious beliefs because [he] consider[ed] them beneficial for the moral progress that they encompass.

As president, Calles expressed determination to enforce the laws of the constitution that mandated secular education, banned foreign priests as well as confessional political parties and newspapers, nationalized all church properties, and granted local governments the authority to limit the number of priests. Calles had implemented several reforms in the first two years of his presidency —26 benefiting workers and peasants.

However, in the second two years of his presidency and into his post-presidency, Calles precipitated a major conflict between the Mexican government, the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico as an institution, and Mexican Catholics. Calles did not recognize the freedom to join the church. During his term as president, he moved to enforce the anticlerical articles of the Constitution ofwhich led to a violent and lengthy conflict known as the Cristero Rebellion or the Cristero Warwhich was characterized by reprisals and counter-reprisals.

The Mexican government violently persecuted the clergy, massacring suspected Cristeros and their supporters. The conflict ended in with the mediation of the U. The clerical strike went on for three years. Almostpeople on both sides died in the war. The effects of Calles's policy on the Church were between and At least 4, priests were killed or expelled; one of the most famous was the Jesuit Miguel Pro.

He was able to stand as a candidate despite having served as president before. Stimson replied that the government would take any steps necessary to guarantee Calles's diplomatic protections, including armed force; [ 53 ] Calles was escorted across the border back into Mexico by US marines without incident, [ 54 ] though Valls promised that "the day of reckoning was only postponed.

In protest of this "presidente plutarco elias calles," the Mexican consulate in Laredo was closed, restricting the flow of tourists and merchandise during the holiday season. The consulate was reopened in January after pressure from President Hoover [ 56 ] and the Chamber of Commerce [ 57 ] led Texas governor Moody and Laredo city officials to offer assurances that Mexican citizens would not be unlawfully molested.

Calles was ineligible to return to the presidency, but he took steps to avoid a political vacuum. Officially, afterCalles served as minister of war as he continued to suppress corruption. Still, a few months later, after the intervention of the United States ambassador Dwight Morrowthe Mexican government and the Cristeros signed a peace treaty.

Calles was the candidate of the workers and all for helping those in need of work, campaigning against competing labor organizers, but still opposed and suppressed Communism. These were false accusations, framing Calles to exile him.

Presidente plutarco elias calles: Plutarco Elías Calles was a Mexican

He spent his last years quietly in Mexico City and Cuernavaca. Back in Mexico, Calles's political position became more moderate; inhe supported Mexico's declaration of war upon the Axis powers. Upon his return to Mexico, he became interested in spiritualismattending weekly sessions at the Mexican Circle of Metapsychic Investigations, and coming to profess belief "in a Supreme Being".

His problems date from the winter of when he came down with a rheumatic ailment, likely from extended periods outdoors in sub-freezing temperatures. He also experienced stomach problems and insomnia. The death of his wife Natalia in was a severe blow personally.

Presidente plutarco elias calles: Plutarco Elias Calles, Mexican military

Although he remarried inhis second wife Leonor died soon afterwards. Calles's main legacy was the pacification of Mexico, ending the violent era of the Mexican Revolution through the creation of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario PNR —known today as the Partido Revolucionario Institucional PRI —which governed Mexico until and returned to power for one term in the elections of Calles's legacy remains controversial today, but within the PRI it has undergone a re-appraisal.

Ina monument to Calles was erected that commemorated his September speech declaring the end of the age of caudillos. He is honored with statues in SonoytaHermosillo, and his hometown of Guaymas. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item.

President of Mexico from to Leonor Llorente. Early life and career [ edit ].

Presidente plutarco elias calles: El de diciembre de , fue

Before the presidency [ edit ]. Participation in the Mexican Revolution, — [ edit ]. Governor of Sonora [ edit ]. Service in the Carranza administration [ edit ]. Revolt of the Sonoran generals, [ edit ]. Presidency, — [ edit ]. Labor [ edit ]. Finance [ edit ]. Military [ edit ]. Infrastructure [ edit ]. Education [ edit ]. Public health [ edit ].

Civil law [ edit ]. Petroleum and U. Church-state conflict [ edit ]. Main article: Cristero War. Main article: Mexican general election. Post-presidency [ edit ]. Attempted arrest in Texas [ edit ]. Founding a new party and the Maximato — [ edit ]. Main articles: Maximato and Partido Nacional Revolucionario. End of the Maximato and exile [ edit ].

Return from exile and final years [ edit ]. Personal life [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. El Pais ISSN Mexico: Biography of Power. New York: HarperCollinspp. The Mexican Revolution, —p. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc. National Park Service. Retrieved 3 May